Which disease is characterized by an extreme overproduction of thyroid hormone?

Graves disease is characterized by an extreme overproduction of thyroid hormone, a condition known as hyperthyroidism. This autoimmune disorder occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to its overactivity. The excess production of hormones such as thyroxine (T4) can result in a range of symptoms, including weight loss, increased heart rate, anxiety, and heat intolerance.

Patients with Graves disease may also experience a noticeable enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter, and in some cases, they may develop Graves ophthalmopathy, which causes bulging eyes due to inflammation around the eyes.

The disease is often diagnosed through a combination of symptoms, blood tests that show elevated levels of thyroid hormones, and the presence of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. The treatment may involve medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to manage hormone levels and alleviate symptoms. Understanding this condition's distinct characteristics is crucial for its diagnosis and treatment within a clinical setting.