What type of Range of Motion (ROM) is used to test both Inert/Non-Contractile and Contractile Structures?

The correct answer is active-free range of motion (AF-ROM). This type of ROM assessment allows the practitioner to evaluate both inert/non-contractile structures, such as ligaments and joint capsules, as well as contractile structures, including muscles and tendons.

During an AF-ROM test, the patient moves the joint through its range without any assistance or resistance. This activity provides insight into the integrity and functionality of both types of structures because any pain or restriction observed during the movement can indicate potential issues within these structures. For instance, if a patient experiences pain or limitation while actively moving a joint, it may suggest a problem with the contractile tissue (like a muscle strain) or the inert structures (such as joint capsule tightness).

In contrast, the other types of ROM mentioned, like active-assisted, passive-forced, and active-resisted, either involve assistance or focus specifically on muscular effort against resistance, which limits their ability to assess the functionality of both contractile and inert structures simultaneously. Therefore, AF-ROM is the most suitable method for a comprehensive assessment of the joint and associated tissues.