What is an indication that a patient may be experiencing glenohumeral instability?

A positive apprehension test is a significant indicator of potential glenohumeral instability as it assesses the patient's sensation of fear or instability during specific shoulder movements. When a patient is subjected to a position that stresses the shoulder joint, such as externally rotating the arm while it's abducted, their reaction can suggest apprehension about dislocation or instability. This response directly relates to the level of instability in the glenohumeral joint.

While restricted internal rotation and limited active range of motion can be signs of shoulder issues, they are more indicative of stiffness, muscular limitations, or other shoulder pathologies rather than specifically highlighting instability. The positive Sulcus Sign is more about inferior instability rather than general glenohumeral instability and would need to be evaluated in conjunction with other tests to draw a complete conclusion about the patient's shoulder health.