Which nerve is commonly affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome most commonly involves the median nerve, which is responsible for sensory innervation to the palm side of the thumb, index, middle, and half of the ring finger, as well as motor functions to certain muscles at the base of the thumb. The condition occurs when the median nerve becomes compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel, a narrow passageway in the wrist surrounded by bones and ligaments.

This compression can lead to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand, especially in the areas innervated by the median nerve. The recognition of the median nerve's role in this syndrome is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options. Understanding that it's the median nerve involved helps in the differentiation of carpal tunnel syndrome from other neuropathies that may involve the ulnar or radial nerves, which are affected in different conditions and processes.