What could indicate limited active range of motion with pain during testing?

Choosing frozen shoulder as an indication of limited active range of motion with pain during testing is based on the specific characteristics of the condition. Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is marked by significant stiffness and restricted movement in the shoulder joint, accompanied by pain. This results from inflammation and thickening of the shoulder capsule, leading to a considerable reduction in both active and passive range of motion.

Patients typically experience sharp pain, especially when trying to move the shoulder actively, which can limit their ability to perform everyday tasks. The pain is often more noticeable at the extremes of motion, contributing to the overall limitation in movement.

The other conditions listed may also cause pain and may affect the range of motion, but the hallmark of frozen shoulder is the specific limitation in active range of motion due to stiffness, often paired with a notable increase in pain during attempts to move the shoulder, particularly after extended inflammation or injury.