If a spinal curvature disappears when the patient forward flexes their spine, how is the scoliosis classified?

When a spinal curvature such as scoliosis disappears with forward flexion, it is classified as functional scoliosis. This type of scoliosis arises due to non-structural factors such as muscle imbalances or postural issues rather than an actual deformity of the spine itself. In functional scoliosis, the curvature can change position and may resolve when the individual moves or positions themselves differently, such as bending forward. This indicates that the underlying structure of the spine is normal and that the curvature is not fixed.

In contrast, structural scoliosis involves an actual deformity of the spinal architecture, meaning the curvature remains regardless of the position of the body. Thoracic and S-curve refer to the location and pattern of the curvature rather than its functional status. Hence, identifying the condition as functional scoliosis provides critical insight into the nature of the curvature and helps guide appropriate treatment or management strategies.